Very High Frequency signals do not bend around the ground nor bounce off the ionosphere; instead they propagate how?

Very High Frequency signals do not bend around the ground nor bounce off the ionosphere; instead they propagate how?

• A. They travel through the Earth's core
• B. They continue out to space and require line-of-sight with the station
• C. They are reflected by satellites
• D. They travel as ground waves along the surface

Answer: (B)

VHF signals propagate as line-of-sight waves. Their shorter wavelengths aren’t reflected by the ionosphere the way lower-frequency signals are, and they don’t travel as surface (ground) waves that hug the terrain. Instead, they move in straight lines through space, so you can only receive them where you have a direct path between transmitter and receiver. Beyond the horizon, you’ll need a relay—such as a higher antenna, another station, or a satellite—to maintain contact.

VHF signals propagate as line-of-sight waves. Their shorter wavelengths aren’t reflected by the ionosphere the way lower-frequency signals are, and they don’t travel as surface (ground) waves that hug the terrain. Instead, they move in straight lines through space, so you can only receive them where you have a direct path between transmitter and receiver. Beyond the horizon, you’ll need a relay—such as a higher antenna, another station, or a satellite—to maintain contact.